HOW PAINKILLER WORKS?

 

             

PAINKILLER:

        Painkillers are medications that are used to alleviate discomfort. They are available under several brand names. They can be used to:

• Tablets, liquids, and capsules are taken by mouth.
• Injections are used.
• Through a back passage (rectum).
• Creams, ointments, and patches are available.

TYPES OF PAINKILLERS:

          Despite the fact that painkillers come in a variety of forms, they are primarily categorized into three categories:

1. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDs) are commonly used in low-risk situations to avoid blood clotting, particularly in persons who have previously had a heart attack. Aspirin, naproxen, and other similar drugs are examples.
2. PARACETAMOL
3. OPIOIDS : Also known as opiates. Weak opioids is how they're commonly referred as. They're mostly used to treat severe pains, but they can lead to addiction and have other negative consequences, so they shouldn't be taken lightly. Morphine, tramadol, and other narcotics are examples. People who are addicted to heavy opioids are usually admitted to hospitals.

HOW DO PAINKILLERS WORK?

         Many substances are produced and released at the site of pain, such as a sore throat, a burnt finger, or a broken limb. These chemicals cause you to experience pain and cause your body to send more blood to the hurting spot. This is why the sore area is frequently swollen and red.

         Painkillers function by attaching to opiate receptors in the brain and suppressing the sense of pain. This disrupts the transmission of messages from the central nervous system to the brain.

          NSAIDs function by inhibiting the activity of cyclo-oxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are chemical enzymes. COX enzymes aid in the production of prostaglandins, which are a type of molecule. At locations of injury or damage, several prostaglandins are implicated in the creation of pain and inflammation. NSAIDs are not all created equal, and some work in somewhat different ways than others.

          No one is quite certain how paracetamol works. However, it is believed to function by inhibiting COX enzymes in the brain and spinal cord. Paracetamol is a pain reliever and a fever reducer. It does not, however, aid with inflammation.

          Opioids work through interacting with receptors in the central nervous system, the gut, and other regions of the body. This reduces the way you sense pain and your reaction to it, while also increasing your pain tolerance. 

SIDE EFFECTS OF PAINKILLERS:

             Even if people take painkillers as recommended, they might have a harmful impact on your body. Here are some of the ways that painkiller use might damage your physical health, according to the Cleveland Clinic:

1. IMMUNE SYSTEM COMPROMISE: When you take a painkiller, your body's ability to fight infection is weakened. The greatest strategy to increase immunity is to quit taking medicines right away.
2. STOMACH: It is generally known that painkillers can cause severe constipation. This can happen as soon as a day or two after you start using it, causing abdominal distention and bloating, as well as more serious side effects like haemorrhoids and intestinal obstruction.
3. INCREASED Suffering: Painkillers can make some people's pain worse. People with such problems are switched to different medications.
4. HORMONES: Painkiller use frequently results in low testosterone or oestrogen levels, which can lead to erectile dysfunction, decreased libido, exhaustion, hot flashes, menstruation irregularities, weight gain, and depression. Hormonal imbalance can also lead to more serious issues including infertility and osteoporosis.

          Painkillers, whether prescribed by a doctor or purchased on the street, can induce significant alterations in the user's brain and body. Although short-term drug use can cause some damage, long-term use and misuse of opioids causes the most dramatic or dangerous effects to the brain and body. Long-term drug usage also raises the risk of addiction and physical dependence on the drugs. After a while, users just use these medicines to avoid bodily withdrawal symptoms and to feel physically normal.

            To avoid such harmful effects, avoid using painkillers with drastic effects especially those having long term cycles.